Explain the following terms: (a) Substitutional impurity defect (… - Vidyadip

Question

Explain the following terms:
(a) Substitutional impurity defect (b) Interstitial impurity defect.

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Answer

Substitutional impurity defect:
Substitutional impurity defect: In this defect, the foreign atoms are found at the lattice sites in place of host atoms. The regular atoms are displaced from their lattice sites by impurity atoms.
For example :
Solid solutions of metals (alloys): Brass is an alloy of Cu and Zn. In brass, host Cu atoms are replaced by the impurity of Zn atoms. The Zn atoms occupy regular sites of Cu atoms as shown in the figure.

Interstitial impurity defect: In this defect, the impurity atoms occupy interstitial spaces of lattice structure.
For example in steel, Fe atoms occupy normal lattice sites. The carbon atoms are present in interstitial spaces, as shown in the figure.

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