Question
Explain the Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium principle.
✓
Answer
$\rightarrow$ In a given population one can find out the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene or a locus.
$\rightarrow$ This frequency is supposed to remain fixed and even remain the same through generations.
$\rightarrow$ Hardy$-$Weinberg principle stated it using algebraic equations.
$\rightarrow$ This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation.
$\rightarrow$ The gene pool $($total genes and their alleles in a population$)$ remains a constant. This is called genetic equilibrium.
$\rightarrow$ Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is $1.$ Individual frequencies, for example, can be named $p, q$ etc.
$\rightarrow$ In a diploid$, p$ and $q$ represent the frequency of allele $A$ and allele $a.$
$\rightarrow p² + 2pq + q^2 =1.$ This is a binomial
expansion of $(p + q)^2$.Where $: p^2-$ Frequency of individuals with Where$: p$ genotype $AA$.
$q² -$ Frequency of individuals with genotype aa. $2pq -$ Frequency of individuals with genotype Aa.
$\rightarrow$ When frequency measured$,$ differs from expected values, the difference $($direction$)$. indicates the extent of evolutionary change.
$\rightarrow$ Disturbance in genetic equilibrium, or Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium, i.e. change of frequency of alleles in a population would then be interpreted as resulting in evolution.
$\rightarrow$ This frequency is supposed to remain fixed and even remain the same through generations.
$\rightarrow$ Hardy$-$Weinberg principle stated it using algebraic equations.
$\rightarrow$ This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation.
$\rightarrow$ The gene pool $($total genes and their alleles in a population$)$ remains a constant. This is called genetic equilibrium.
$\rightarrow$ Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is $1.$ Individual frequencies, for example, can be named $p, q$ etc.
$\rightarrow$ In a diploid$, p$ and $q$ represent the frequency of allele $A$ and allele $a.$
$\rightarrow p² + 2pq + q^2 =1.$ This is a binomial
expansion of $(p + q)^2$.Where $: p^2-$ Frequency of individuals with Where$: p$ genotype $AA$.
$q² -$ Frequency of individuals with genotype aa. $2pq -$ Frequency of individuals with genotype Aa.
$\rightarrow$ When frequency measured$,$ differs from expected values, the difference $($direction$)$. indicates the extent of evolutionary change.
$\rightarrow$ Disturbance in genetic equilibrium, or Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium, i.e. change of frequency of alleles in a population would then be interpreted as resulting in evolution.
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