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EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsEMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY5 Marks
Question
Explain the measures to reduce the Problems of Urbanization.
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Answer

$1.$ Introduction:
  • Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India against its advantages there are many disadvantages too.
  • If they are ignored, ultimately it will affect social welfare.
  • The following remedies are suggested to reduce negative effects of urbanization and to reach its fruits to the poorest of the poor people of society.
$2.$ Remedies to reduce negative effects of urbanization $($steps$):$
$(1)$ Policy Based Steps:
  • Policy should be to arrest any problem logically.
    Government has taken the following measures to arrest the adverse effects of urbanization.
$(a)$ Government has imposed control on setting up industry in the cities having population of more than $10$ lakh.
$(b)$ To reduce abnormal centralization on big cities government encourages the progress of small sized towns are restrict big cities from further urbanization.
$(c)$ Government desires balanced development.
  • It has restricted big cities to become bigger.
  • Small and medium sized towns are being developed in the state.
$(d)$ As per the policy of Indian government the policy of development of satellite town is formed in big cities.
$(e)$ To develop the backward area of rural districts.
  • Due to this policy of government many small sized and medium sized towns are developed near big cities like Mumbai, Ahmedabad & Kolkata, Chennai etc.
$(2)$ Promote Employment Opportunities:
  • To reduce negative effects of urbanization, government has adopted many programs to promote employment opportunities.
  • With facilities of infrastructure and due to industrialization in backward areas, employment will increase and rural people will earn income.
$(3)$ Strengthen Infrastructural Facilities:
  • Infrastructural facilities such as transportation, communication, electricity, road, sanitation, water etc. should reach upto the last person of society.
  • Moreover more attention should be paid to solve the basic problems of the poor living in the slums and hutments.
  • As a substitute they should be provided ‘Pucca' houses.
  • Such welfare activities are done by government.
  • Various programs are being carried out by the government of India in this area.
  • Smart city Yojana is being implemented.
$(4)$ Education and Health Facilities:
  • Modern facility is available to general public due to privatisation in health and education sector.
  • The benefit is enjoyed by the elite class only.
  • As these facilities and very Costly the poor cannot reach there and cannot attain high quality services.
  • The problem urbanization may be reduced to some extent if these facilities are available to the rural people in their native place.
  • These services be within reach of the labour class at cheaper rate.
  • In short within short period if the poor people of society attain these facilities means health and education are made accessible to them the fruits of positive effects of urbanisation will be equally enjoyed in society and inequality will be reduced to some extent and there will be the creation of welfare state.
$(5)$ Progress of Cottage and Small Scale Industries:
  • Along with the large scale industries, the subsidiary industries, cottage industries and small scale industries should be encouraged for development.
  • To solve the problem of market the small scale industries should manufacture spare parts or semi finished goods required by large scale industries.
  • Social inequality can be reduced to some extent by developing cottage and small scale industries.
  • As a result burden on cities will be reduced along with reduction in economic problems.
$(6)$ Development of Infrastructural facilities in Rural Areas:
  • Like cities villages should be provided with basic facilities of health, education, transportation, communication, road, water, drainage, electricity to prevent the rush of rural people towards big cities.
  • Along with the development of trade and commerce, home industries too will flourish which will provide employment opportunities to the people of nearby area.
  • This will reduce the burden on the cities and negative effects of urbanization will be reduced to some extent.
$(7)$ Firm Administrative System:
  • Law and order has been unregulated due to unorganized development of urbanization.
  • Strict measures are badly needed in this direction.
  • Rules of traffic should be followed strictly by everybody irrespective of status.
  • Theft, cheating, chain snatching, robbery etc. evils should be strictly controlled and removed and people should be provided with safety and security of life and possession of valuables.
  • Local government is aware of this matter but they need to make it widespread.

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