Question
Explain the mechanism of urine formation.

Answer

  1. Glomerular Filtration:
  • A protein-free fluid is filtered from the blood of glomerular capillaries into the lumen of Bowman's capsule.
  • About 1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys, per minute.
  • The glomerular filtration rate is about 125 ml/ minute or 180 litres/ day in a healthy human individual.
  1. Reabsorption:
  • Nearly 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the renal tubule by the brush-bordered epithelial cells lining the renal tubule.
  • Certain substances like glucose, amino acids, $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ions, $\mathrm{Ca}^{+}$ions and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ ions are reabsorbed actively; nitrogenous wastes are reabsorbed passively and water by osmosis.
  1. Tubular Secretion:
  • - It is the process in which certain substances/ ions like $\mathrm{K}^{+}$, $\mathrm{H}^{+}$, and ammonia are directly secreted into the lumen of the nephron.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Similar questions

Explain various steps involved in cellular respiration.
List any six features of cartilaginous fishes. Give four examples of these.
How does the phenomenon of mass/ bulk flow differ from that of diffusion?
Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
Abhay, a police officer, discovered a human pelvis from the jungle. After checking the reports of missing people, he found that a couple had been missing from that area since a month. Abhay was confused as to whom the pelvis belonged to and therefore, took it to the forensic investigator. The forensic expert reported it to be a female pelvis. Afterwards, the DNA from the missing female's mother and pelvis was matched. Since, both the DNA matched. It confirmed that out of the couple, the lady had died.
  1. How did the investigator opened it to be a female pelvis?
  2. What other bones of human can be used for sex identification?
  3. Give a possible reason for the change in female pelvis.
  4. What values are shown by Abhay?
What is the importance of plasma proteins?
Are the different types of plastid interchangable? If yes, give examples where they are getting converted from one type to another.
Comparatively describe the mechanism of inspiration and expiration.
Hydroponics have been shown to be a successful technique for growing of plants. Yet most of the crops are still grown on land. Why?
  1. List out some flightless birds.
  2. Describe briefly any four with their important features.
  3. Write the name of any two extinct flightless birds.