National Movements in India — Social Science STD 9 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9Social ScienceNational Movements in India4 Marks
Question
Explain the programmes, events and effect of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
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Answer
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched under the leadership of Gandhiji in $1920.$
$(A)$ Programmes: There were several Pegremmes undertaken during the Non-Cooperation movement these are.
$1.$ non-cooperation with the government by leaving the service of the government
Boyocotting the courts and elections to the central and orovincial leglatures
Boycott of the government schools and colleges
Boycott of the foreign goods
Surrender of the government honours and ceremonies
During the Non-Cooperation movement many eminent lawyers like C R Das and Pandit Motilal Nehru gave up their legal practice
Thousands of students left the government
schools and colleges
At many places bonfire of the foreign goods was made
Gandhiji gave up his title ‘Kaiser-e-Hind’ and Rabindranath Tagore returned the Knighthood conferred upon by the government
$2.$ Constructive Programme: Along with the Non-Cooperation activities, the positive aspect of the Non-Cooperation Movement was the launch of the constructive programme. These activities were
Revival of the village economy by supporting agriculture, village and cottage industries.
Propagation of Khadi to provide employment to the village weavers
Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity
Eradication of untouchability
Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity
Eradication of untouchability
Promotion of national education. AccordingJy Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth and Jamia-Milia University were set up.
Collection of one crore rupees towards ‘Tilak Swaraj Fund’
Advocacy of prohibition
People gave up foreign cloth and started wearing Khadi.
$(B)$ Events: The Non-Cooperation movement was launched in $1920.$ The Indian National Congress endorsed the movement at its Nagpur session in December $1920.$
The technique of the movement was Satyagraha, i.e., non-violent (passive) resistance offered to the government
Thousands of people from all over the country participated in the movement.
The government tried to suppress the movement by arresting Gandhiji and other leaders, opening of the lathi-charge on the Satyagrahis and putting them in jail.
In February $1922,$ a violent incident took Pact at Chauri-Chaura village in Gorakhpur is of Uttar Pradesh.
Thereupon Gandhiji withdrew the Non- Cooperation movement Movement
Effects : The Non-Cooperation movement regarding the rights generated national awareness g of the people.
The fear of the government and the police disappeared. People became fearless and prepared to fight against injustice as well as attainment of country’s freedom.
Congress became an organisation of people. People from all sections of society, youth and women participated in the movement.
National education spread across the country.
Hindi was used as the medium of mass communication in place of English.
However, the movement failed in its objective of dislodging the British rule in India. The communal violence in Kerala between the Hindu Zamindars and the Muslim labour was an unfortunate incident.
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