Question
Explain the reactions of chlorine with alkalies.
✓
Answer
Chlorine with cold and dilute caustic soda, $NaOH$ forms sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite, $NaOCl.$
$Cl _2+2 NaOH \xrightarrow[\text { dil. }]{\text { cold }} NaCl + NaOCl + H _2 O$
Chlorine with hot and concentrated $NaOH$ forms sodium chloride and sodium chlorate, $NaClO_3.$
$3 Cl _2+\underset{\text { conc. }}{6 NaOH } \xrightarrow{\text { hot }} 5 NaCl + NaClO _3+3 H _2 O$
When chlorine is passed over dry slaked lime $Ca(OH)_2,$ bleaching powder, $CaOCl_2$ is obtained.$Ca(OH)_{2 }+ Cl_2 \rightarrow CaOCl_{2 }+H_2O$
$Cl _2+2 NaOH \xrightarrow[\text { dil. }]{\text { cold }} NaCl + NaOCl + H _2 O$
Chlorine with hot and concentrated $NaOH$ forms sodium chloride and sodium chlorate, $NaClO_3.$
$3 Cl _2+\underset{\text { conc. }}{6 NaOH } \xrightarrow{\text { hot }} 5 NaCl + NaClO _3+3 H _2 O$
When chlorine is passed over dry slaked lime $Ca(OH)_2,$ bleaching powder, $CaOCl_2$ is obtained.$Ca(OH)_{2 }+ Cl_2 \rightarrow CaOCl_{2 }+H_2O$
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