Question
Explain the structure of lactose.
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Answer
Lactose $\left( C _{12} H _{22} O _{11}\right)$ is a disaccharide. It is found in milk, therefore, it is also known as milk sugar. It is formed from two monosaccharide units, namely $D$ - galactose and $D$ - glucose. The glycosidic linkage is formed between C-I of $\beta$-D-galactose and $C-4$ of glucose. Therefore the linkage in lactose is called $\beta-1,4$ - glycosidic linkage. The hemiacetal group at $C-1$ of the glucose unit is not involved in glycosidic linkage but is free. Hence lactose is a reducing sugar. The above figure shows Haworth formula of lactose.
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