Question
Explain the structure of starch and cellulose.

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What is vapour pressure? When a non- volatile solute is dissolved in any liquid, the vapour pressure of the liquid decreases. Give reason.
Give reasons for the following: On electrolysis in acidic solution amino acids migrate towards cathode, while in alkaline solution these migrate towards anode.
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the following euqation :
$\log k=14.34-1.25 \times 10^4 K / T$
Calculate $E_{a}$ for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period be 256 minutes?
Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate. How does the acidified permanganate solution react with $(i)$ iron $(II)$ ions $(ii) SO_2$ and $(iii)$ oxalic acid? Write the ionic equations for the reactions.
Using crystal field theory, draw energy level diagram, write the electronic configuration of the central metal atom/ion and determine the magnetic moment value in the following:
i. $\left[ CoF _6\right]^{3-},\left[ Co \left( H _2 O \right)_6\right]^{2+},\left[ Co ( CN )_6\right]^{3-}$
ii. $\left[ FeF _6\right]^{3-},\left[ Fe \left( H _2 O \right)_6\right]^{2+},\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]^{4-}$
A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further, 18 g of water is then added to the solution and the new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate :
(i) molar mass of the solute
(ii) vapour pressure of water at 298 K
Answer the following question:
Calculate the molality of a sulphuric acid solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.85.
  1. Calculate the freezing point of solution when $1.9 g$ of $\ce{MgCl_2(M = 95 g mol^{–1})}$ was dissolved in $50 g$ of water, assuming $MgCl_2$ undergoes complete ionization. $(K_f$​​​​​​​ for water $= 1.86 K \ kg mol^{–1})$
  2. Out of $1 M$ glucose and $2 M$ glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
  3. What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Match the catalysts given in Column $I$ with the processes given in Column $II.$
 
Column $I ($Catalyst$)$
 
Column $II ($Process$)$
$(i)$
Ni in the presence of hydrogen
$(a)$
Zieglar Natta catalyst
$(ii)$ $Cu_2Cl_2$ $(b)$
Contact process
$(iii)$ $V_2O_5$ $(c)$
Vegetable oil to ghee
$(iv)$
Finely divided iron
$(d)$
Sandmeyer reaction
$(v)$ $TiCl_4 + Al (CH_3)_3$ $(e)$
Haber’s Process
 
 
$(f)$
Decomposition of $KClO_3$
Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution. Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
  1. w/w (mass percentage)
  2. V/V (volume percentage)
  3. w/V (mass by volume percentage)
  4. ppm. (parts per million)
  5. x (mole fraction)
  6. M (Molarity)
  7. m (Molality)