Explain the term free expansion of a gas. - Vidyadip

Question

Explain the term free expansion of a gas.

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Answer

When a balloon is ruptured suddenly, or a tyre is punctured suddenly, the air inside the balloon/ tyre rushes out rapidly to the atmosphere. This process (expansion of air inside the balloon/tyre) is so quick that there is no time for transfer of heat from the system to the surroundings or from the surroundings to the system. Such an adiabatic expansion is called free expansion. It is characterized by Q = W = 0, implying ∆ U = 0. Free expansion is an uncontrolled change and the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Free expansion cannot be illustrated with a P-V diagram as only the initial state and final state are known.

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