Question
Explain the Tollens' test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones with equation. $\#\#\#$ Write a note on silver mirror test.
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Answer
$\rightarrow$ Tollens' test: On warming an aldehyde with freshly prepared ammoniacal silver nitrate solution $($Tollens' reagent$),$ a bright silver mirror is produced due to the formation of silver metal. The aldehydes are oxidised to corresponding carboxylate anion. The reaction occurs in alkaline medium.
$RCHO + 2[Ag(NH_3)_2]^++ 3OH^-\rightarrow RCOO^- + 2Ag + 2H_2O + 4NH_3$
$RCHO + 2[Ag(NH_3)_2]^++ 3OH^-\rightarrow RCOO^- + 2Ag + 2H_2O + 4NH_3$
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