Question
Explain the working and application of a sonar.
✓
Answer
Working: $SONAR$ Consists of a transmitter and a detector and is installed in a boat or a ship as shown in the fig. The transmitter produces and transmits ultrasonic waves. These waves travel through water and after striking the object on the seabed, get reflected back and are sensed by the detector. The detector converts the ultrasonic waves into electrical signals which are appropriately interpreted. The distance of the object that reflected the sound wave can be calculated by knowing the speed of sound in water and the time interval between the transmission and reception of the ultrasound.
Ultrasound sent by the transmitter and recieved by the detector
Let, Depth of the sea $= d$
Speed of sound in sea water $=\nu$
Time taken for transmission and reception of signal $= t$
$\therefore$ Time taken to travel a distance, $\text{d}=\frac{\text{t}}{2}$
$\therefore$ Depth of the sea, $\text{d}=\frac{\text{t}}{2}\times\nu$ $(\because\ \text{Distance = Speed}\times\text{Time})$
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