ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES: POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT. — Social Science STD 10 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES: POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT.4 Marks
Question
Explain various solutions of poverty alleviation programme.
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Answer
> After independence, eradication of poverty has been a major objective. The government adopted four types of strategies for eradication of poverty.
> Encouragement to large and heavy industries and Green Revolution could create opportunities for employment and increase in income. So economic development could be faster, such was a wish of government.
> Government hoped too that along with benefiting rich with the advantages of development, other sections of nation and the poor in particular could be benefited with the same advantages. However, the expected decrease in poverty could not be made due to the slower economic development and unequal distribution of the advantages of development.
>To bring down the quantum of unequal distribution of income in the rural area, the government has made many efforts eradication of landlordism, implementations of tenancy act for tenants so that they would not lose their land, provisions for tenants to get rights of ownership of land, Land Ceiling Act, distribution of decided surplus land to landless farmers, rent control, protection to right of cultivation, demarcation of boundaries of land and many more such Land Reform Acts.
> Government has encouraged agro-based industries like dairy industry, small and large irrigation planning, cottage industries and small-scale industries which require less use of machine; so to raise employment opportunities and to increase production of some goods, government does not allow private participation in some industries.
> For the equal distribution of income, government has conducted various programmes so that the gap between the rich and the poor can be bridged.
$(1)$ Heavy taxes are levied on the rich and middle class.
$(2) $ High taxes and revenues were levied on the luxurious commodities used by, affluent people, means of entertainment and happiness, so that their production does not get encouraged.
$(3)$ On the other hand, government gives priority to the production of necessary goods used by poor daily and managed the public distribution of goods at lower rate than market rate so that poor could get them.
$(4)$ Government has implemented various programmes at rural level for development in various fields as education, health, housing, family planning, telecommunication, roads, irrigation and vocational skills.
$(5)$ Vocational and skill training has been introduced.
$(6) $ Government has raised the area of social protection.
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