Question
Find $\frac{ d y}{ d x}$, if $y =x^{x^x}$

Answer

$y=x^{x^x}$
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
$\log y=\log x^{x^x}$
$\therefore \log y = x ^{ x } \log x$
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. $x$, we get
$ \frac{ d }{ d x}(\log y)=x^x \cdot \frac{ d }{ d x}(\log x)+\log x \cdot \frac{ d }{ d x}\left(x^x\right)$
$\therefore \frac{1}{y} \cdot \frac{ dy}{ d x}=x^x \cdot \frac{1}{x}+\log x \cdot \frac{ d }{ d x}\left(x^x\right) \ldots . . \text { (i) } $
Let $u = x ^{ x }$
Taking logarithm of both sides, we get
$\log u=\log x^x$
$\therefore \log u=x \log x$
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. $x$, we get
$ \frac{ d }{ d x}(\log u )=x \cdot \frac{ d }{ d x}(\log x)+\log x \cdot \frac{ d }{ d x}(x)$
$\therefore \frac{1}{ u } \cdot \frac{ du }{ d x}=x \cdot \frac{1}{x}+\log x \cdot 1$
$\therefore \frac{1}{ u } \cdot \frac{ du }{ d x}=1+\log x$
$\therefore \frac{ du }{ d x}= u (1+\log x )$
$\therefore \frac{ d }{ d x}\left(x^x\right)= x ^{ x }(1+\log x ) \quad \ldots . . . \text { (ii) } $
Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
$ \frac{1}{y} \cdot \frac{ d y}{ d x}=x^x \cdot \frac{1}{x}+\log x \cdot x^x(1+\log x)$
$\therefore \frac{ d y}{ d x}=y x^x\left[\frac{1}{x}+\log x(1+\log x)\right] $
$\therefore \frac{ d y}{ d x}=x^{x^x} \cdot x^x\left[\frac{1}{x}+\log x(1+\log x)\right]$

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