Question
Find the fourth proportional to:
$x^3 - y^2, x^4 + x^2y^2+ y^4, x - y$.

Answer

Let A be the fourth proportional then
$ x ^3- y ^2: x ^4+ x ^2 y ^2+ y ^4= x - y : A $
$\Rightarrow \frac{x^3-y^3}{x^4+x^2 y^2+y^4}=\frac{x-y}{ A } $
$ \Rightarrow A \left( x ^3- y ^3\right)=( x - y )\left( x ^4+ x ^2 y ^2+ y ^4\right) $
$\Rightarrow A =\frac{(x-y)\left(x^4+x^2 y^2+y^4\right)}{x^3-y^3} $
$ \Rightarrow A =\frac{(x-y)\left(x^2+y^2+x y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-x y\right)}{(x-y)\left(x^2+x y+y^2\right)} $
$\Rightarrow A = x ^2+ y ^2- xy .$

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