$Sn ^{2+}+2 e ^{-} \rightarrow Sn$
$Sn ^{4+}+4 e ^{-} \rightarrow Sn$
The electrode potentials are; $E _{ Sn ^{2+} / Sn }^{\circ}=-0.140\, V$ and $E _{ Sn ^{4+} / Sn }^{\circ}=0.010\, V$. The magnitude of standard electrode potential for $Sn ^{4+} / Sn ^{2+}$ i.e. $E _{ Sn ^{4+} / Sn ^{2+}}^{\circ}$ is $.....\times 10^{-2}\, V$. (Nearest integer)
$Sn ^{+4}+4 e ^{-} \rightarrow Sn \quad \Delta G _{2}^{0}=-4 \times 0.01 \times F$
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$Sn ^{+4}+2 e ^{-} \rightarrow Sn ^{+2} \quad \Delta G _{3}^{0}=-2 \times E _{ Sn ^{+4} / Sn ^{+2}}^{0} \times F$
$\Delta G _{3}^{0}=\Delta G _{2}^{0}-\Delta G _{1}^{0}$
$-2 \times E ^{0} \times F =-(0.04+0.28) \times F$
$E ^{0}=0.16$ volt $=16 \times 10^{-2} \,V$
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In this reaction, $\mathrm{RCONHBr}$ is formed from which this reaction has derived its name. Electron donating group at phenyl activates the reaction. Hofmann degradation reaction is an intramolecular reaction.
$1.$ How can the conversion of $(i)$ to $(ii)$ be brought about?
$(A)$ $\mathrm{KBr}$ $(B)$ $\mathrm{KBr}+\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{ONa}$ $(C)$ $\mathrm{KBr}+\mathrm{KOH}$ $(D)$ $\mathrm{Br}_2+\mathrm{KOH}$
$2.$ Which is the rate determining step in Hofmann bromamide degradation?
$(A)$ Formation of $(i)$ $(B)$ Formation of $(ii)$ $(C)$ Formation of $(iii)$ $(D)$ Formation of $(iv)$
$3.$ What are the constituent amines formed when the mixture of $(i)$ and $(ii)$ undergoes Hofmann bromamide degradation?
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give the answer question $1$, $2$, and $3.$
Reason : Energy of the activated complex is higher than the energy of reactant molecules.
$Cu ^{2+}+ NH _{3} \stackrel{ K _{1}}{\rightleftharpoons}\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)\right]^{2+}$
$\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)\right]^{2+}+ NH _{3} \stackrel{ K _{2}}{\rightleftharpoons}\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{2+}$
$\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{2}\right]^{2+}+ NH _{3} \stackrel{ K _{3}}{\rightleftharpoons}\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{3}\right]^{2+}$
$\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{3}\right]^{2+}+ NH _{3} \stackrel{ K _{4}}{\rightleftharpoons}\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{4}\right]^{2+}$
The value of stability constants $K _{1}, K _{2}, K _{3}$ and $K _{4}$ are $10^{4}, 1.58 \times 10^{3}, 5 \times 10^{2}$ and $10^{2}$ respectively. The overall equilibrium constants for dissociation of $\left[ Cu \left( NH _{3}\right)_{4}\right]^{2+}$ is $x \times 10^{-12}$ The value of $x$ is ...............
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)
