Question
Functional region and Formal region
| Functional region | Formal region |
| (i) Specific to one area. | (i) Often physical in nature. |
| (ii) Areas organised around a node or focus one point like university, airport, etc. | (ii) Has specific boundaries that set them apart. |
| (iii) This region has no common characteristics but functions are more important, functions bind regions together. | (iii) This region has some common characteristics such as common economic activity or common language. |
| (iv) Often a metropolitan area that consists of major city and lot of smaller towns. | (iv) Homogeneous areas or habitats inhabited by social groups, societies or nation. |
| (v) The region is tied to a central point by transportation system or economic or functional associations. | (v) Organised and represented by small systems or part systems. |
| (vi) It functions and works together to form a part of an economic and social system. | (vi) Has clear-cut political boundaries. |
| (vii) Defined by a set of activities. | (vii) Defined by common political units where all people are subject to same law and government. |
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| A | B | C |
| (1) Later stage of Demographic Transition Theory | (1) Higher population | (1) Higher amount of capital resources consumed |
| (2) Population pyramid | (2) Pull factor | (2) Lower per capita income |
| (3) Migration | (3) Low growth of population | (3) Greater development less spent on population |
| (4) Indicator of economic development | (4) High dependency ratio | (4) Good employment opportunities |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Geographic Techniques | (1) Geology | (1) Population Geography |
| (2) Human Geography | (2) Engineering | (2) Geomorphology |
| (3) Physical Geography | (3) Demography | (3) Remote Sensing |
| A | B | C |
| (1) Physical Geography | (1) Computer science | (1) GIS |
| (2) Human Geography | (2) Pedology | (2) Geography of Soils |
| (3) Geomorphology | (3) Psychology | (3) Behavioural Geography |