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Superposition of Waves — Physics STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 SciencePhysicsSuperposition of Waves4 Marks
Question
Give any two disadvantages of resonance.
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Answer


1. A column of soldiers marching in regular step on a narrow and structurally flexible bridge can set it into dangerously large amplitude oscillations. The bridge may even collapse at the resonance.
2. Structural resonance of a suspension bridge induced by the winds can lead to its catastrophic collapse. Several early suspension bridges were destroyed by structural resonance induced by modest winds.
3. Vibrations of a motor or engine can induce resonant vibrations in its supporting structures if their natural frequency is close to that of the vibrations of the engine. A common example is the rattling sound of a bus body when the engine is left idling. Vibrations in an aircraft are caused by the engine and the aerodynamic effects. The vibrations cause metal fatigue, especially in the fuselage, wings and tail, and eventually lead to metal fracture.
4. Every ship has a natural period of rolling (side to side oscillation about an axis along its length). If the ship encounters a series of waves such that the wave period matches the rolling, it will have no time righting itself before the next wave strikes. Resonant conditions can occur when the combination of wave period, vessel speed and heading with respect to the waves lead to an encounter close to the natural roll period of the vessel. This situation, if not corrected, can lead to severe rolling, with roll angle exceeding $15^{\circ}$.
Large containerships are particularly vulnerable to rolling. Possible consequences are loss of containers, machinery failure, structural damage and even capsizing of the ship. The speed and direction of the ship can be changed to avoid the consequences of synchronous rolling.

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