Question
Give comparison between the following: $C_3$ and $C_4$ pathways

Answer

$C_3$ and $C_4$ pathways:
  $C_3$ Pathway   $C_4$ Pathway
i. In the $C_3$ pathway, the first product of carbon fixation is a 3 carbon atom compound 3-phosphoglyceric acid. i.
In the $C_4$ pathway, the first product of carbon fixation is oxaloacetic acid, a 4 carbon atom compound.
ii. Photorespiration occurs in $C_3$ plants. ii. Photorespiration rarely occurs.
iii. Plants are adapted to all climates except saline conditions. iii. Plants are adapted to tropical climate and can tolerate halophytic conditions.
iv. This pathway is less expensive and requires only 18 molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose. iv. This pathway is more energy expensive and requires 30 molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose.

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