Give the floral adaptations for chiropterophily.

Question

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Answer

The pollination that occurs with the help of bats is called chiropterophily.
In chiropterous plants the flowers are large and stout enough in such a way that bats can hold onto the flowers.
Chiropterous flowers are nocturnal, i.e., they open during the night time only.
Flowers emit rotten fruits like fermenting fruity odours which attract bats.
Flowers produce copious nectar.
Flowers possess large number of stamens which produce large amount of edible pollen grains.
Anthocephalus, Kigellia and Adansonia are chiropterous flowers.

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(a) What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
(b) Describe three steps involved in mechanism of PCR.

Instrument / Technique	Purpose of use
Sphygmomanometer	———————
—————-	X-ray imaging of the cardiac blood vessels to locate the position of blockages.
—————	To measure ECG.

wBCs	%	Nucleus	Function
Neutrophils	70%		________________________
________	________	Twisted	Secretes heparin, histamine and serotonin
Fosinophils	________	________	Antihistamin / Antiallergic in function
Manocytes	3-5%	________	________________________
________	________	________	Responsible for cell mediated as well as humoral immunity