Organising — Business Studies STD 12 Commerce — Question

What does communication that take place independently at the formal line of authority known as?

The arrangement to demonetise the ? 500 and ?1000 bank notes began six to ten months prior to the public announcement and was kept highly confidential. The cabinet was informed about the demonetisation on 8th November 2016 in a meeting called by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. This was followed by Modi’s public announcement about the demonetisation in a televised address where he announced that currency notes with the denomination of ? 500 and ? 1000 would cease to be the legal tender from 9th of November 2016. The most interesting thing regarding the demonetisation is that people were devising various unique ways for transforming their black money in to white one by depositing money in the accounts of their poor relatives and friends, converting black money in to gold, paying a few months salaries in advance and so on.
In context of the above case :
Identify and explain the types of plans being discussed in the above lines with regard to demonetisation.

State the meaning of ‘Product Identification’ function of packaging.

What is meant by span of management?

Why consumer protection is important for a businessman? Give any one reason.

Define net working capital.

Your grandfather has retired as the Director of a manufacturing company. At which level of management was he working? Different type of functions are performed at this level. State any one function.

Why is packing called silent salesman?

An employee will retire at the age of 60 years. What type of plan is it?

Employees know well in advance what they are expected to do and what are the standards of performance on the basis of which they will be appraised, which in turn helps them to give better performance. Which importance of controlling is highlighted here?