Heart-lung machines and artifical kidney machines employ blood pumps. A mechanical pump can mangle blood cells.Figure represents an electromagnetic pump. The blood is confined to an electrically insulating tube, represented as a rectangle of width $\omega$ and height $h.$ Two electrodes fit into the top and the bottom of the tube. The potential difference between them establishes an electric current through the blood, with current density $J$ over a section of length $L.$ A perpendicular magnetic field exists in the same region. The section of liquid in the magnetic field experiences a pressure increase given by :-
Diffcult
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$\mathrm{P}=\frac{\mathrm{F}}{\mathrm{A}}=\frac{\mathrm{Bih}}{\mathrm{h} \times \omega}$
$\mathrm{i}=\mathrm{J}(\mathrm{L} \times \omega)$
$\Rightarrow \mathrm{P}= \frac{\mathrm{B} \mathrm{JL} \omega \mathrm{h}}{\mathrm{h} \times \omega}$
$\mathrm{P}=\mathrm{BJL}$
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