Question
How bacterial host cell is made competent to accept hydrophilic DNA, which allow DNA to pass through the cell membrane?
✓
Answer
→ Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membranes.
→ In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid, the bacterial cells must first be made 'competent' to take up DNA.
→ This is done by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium, which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall.
→ Recombinant DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at 42°C (heat shock).
→ Finally, putting them back on ice.
→ This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.
→ Due to heat and cold effect the pore size of cell membrane is manipulated.
→ In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid, the bacterial cells must first be made 'competent' to take up DNA.
→ This is done by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium, which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall.
→ Recombinant DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at 42°C (heat shock).
→ Finally, putting them back on ice.
→ This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.
→ Due to heat and cold effect the pore size of cell membrane is manipulated.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
Name any four autosome-linked recessive Mendelian disorders.
Describe the structure of mature angiospermic pollen grain. Mention one difference between the pollen of dicot and monocot.
A student on a school trip started sneezing and wheezing soon after reaching the hill station for no explained reasons. But on return to the plains, the symptoms disappeared. What is such a esponsecalled? How does the body produce it?
Select the analogous structures from the combinations given below:
- Forelimbs of whales and bats
- Eyes of octopus and mammals
- Tuber of sweet potato and potato
- Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
- State the kind of evolution they represent.
What are sacred groves? How are they important for conservation ?###Explain: Sacred groves.
In which phase of menstrual cycle is corpus luteum formed?
What is double fertilisation? Mention its significance.
Describe application of biotechnology.
Discuss, is evolution a process or the end result of a process.
Given below is a figure of an ecosystem. Answer the following questions.
- What type of ecosystem is shown in the figure.
- Name any plant that is characteristic of such ecosystem.