Question
How can Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium be affected? Explain giving three reasons.
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Answer
Any disturbance in Hardy-Weinberg's genetic equilibrium indicates an evolutionary change.
It is caused by one or more of the following:
- Gene migration/ Gene flow:
- When a section of a population migrates to another population in another place, the gene frequencies change in both the populations.
- When gene migration occurs a number of times, there is gene flow.
- Genetic drift: Due to some chance events, the allele frequency becomes so different that they become new species.
- Natural selection: It is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are made to reproduce and leave more progeny; hence, there is a change in the allele frequency.
- Genetic recombination: In sexually reproducing organisms, recombination of maternal and paternal alleles occurs during gametogenesis, it is a major cause of variation in the allele frequency
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