Question
How did Harappan or Indus Valley civilisation decline?
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Answer
We are sure about the causes of decline of this civilisation but scholars are sure of the following reasons:
- Probably the rivers dried up.
- There could be deforestation as fuel was required for baking bricks and for smelting copper ore.
- Grazing by large herds of cattle, sheep and goats may have destroyed the green belt.
- It could be frequent floods troubling people.
- Or it could be invasion of Aryans who must have posted then towards South India.
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Read the following account (terrace farming in Nagaland) and answer the questions that follow it:
Terrace Farming in Nagaland:
This is a village called Chizami which is in Phek district in Nagaland. The people of this village belong to the Chakhesang community. They do ‘terrace’ cultivation.
This means that the land on a hill slope is made into flat plots and carved out in steps. The sides of each plot are raised in order to retain water. This allows water to stand in the field, which is best for rice cultivation.
The people of Chizami have their own individual fields. But, they also work collectively in each other’s fields. They form groups of six or eight and take an entire mountainside to clean the weeds on it.
Each group eats together once their work for the day is over. This goes on for several days until the work is completed.
Terrace Farming in Nagaland:
This is a village called Chizami which is in Phek district in Nagaland. The people of this village belong to the Chakhesang community. They do ‘terrace’ cultivation.
This means that the land on a hill slope is made into flat plots and carved out in steps. The sides of each plot are raised in order to retain water. This allows water to stand in the field, which is best for rice cultivation.
The people of Chizami have their own individual fields. But, they also work collectively in each other’s fields. They form groups of six or eight and take an entire mountainside to clean the weeds on it.
Each group eats together once their work for the day is over. This goes on for several days until the work is completed.
- Which village is referred to in the picture above? Where is it located?
- Which community do the villagers of this village belong to?
- What type of farming do they practise?
- For what is this practice the best?
- Why do the people of Chizami work collectively?