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Eighteenth-Century Political Formations — Social Studies STD 7 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 7Social StudiesEighteenth-Century Political Formations5 Marks
Question
How did Maratha become a force to reckon with?
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Answer

  • Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organisation.
  • Their success lay in by-passing the fortified areas of the Mughals.
  • They raided cities and engaged Mughal armies in areas where their supply line and reinforcements could be easily disturbed.
  • Between 1720 and 1761, the Maratha empire expanded.
  • It gradually chipped away at the authority of the Mughal Empire.
  • Malwa and Gujarat were seized from the Mughals by ]the 1720s.
  • By the 1730s, the Maratha king was recognised as the overlord of the entire Deccan peninsula.
  • He possessed the right to levy chauth and sardeshmukhi in the entire region.
  • After raiding Delhi in 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded rapidly.
  • into Rajasthan.
  • into Punjab in the north.
  • into Bengal and Orissa in the east.
  • into Karnataka and the Tamil and Telugu countries in the south.
  • These were not formally included in the Maratha empire. They were made to pay tribute as a way of accepting Maratha sovereignty.
  • Expansion brought enormous resources but it came at a price.
  • These military campaigns also made other rulers hostile towards the Marathas. This resulted in the reduced support to the Marathas during the third battle of Panipat in 1761.

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