Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Variation of atomic radii in a period: As we move from left to right across a period, there is regular decrease in atomic radii of representative elements. This can be explained on the basis of effective nuclear charge which increases gradually in a period, i.c, electron cloud is attracted more strongly towards nucleus as the effective nuclear charge becomes more and more along the period. The increased force of attraction brings contraction in size.

Variation of atomic radii in a group: Atomic radii in a group increase as the atomic number increases. The increase in size is due to extra energy shell which outweighs the effect of increased nuclear charge.