Question
How do initiation and termination of translation processes occur in bacteria? Where are untranslated regions located in an mRNA? Mention their role.
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Answer
Initiation of translation:
- When the small subunit of ribosome binds to the mRNA the process of translation starts; in bacteria the ribosome also acts as a catalyst (23S rRNA is ribozyme) for peptide bond formation.
- The ribosome binds to mRNA at the start codon (AUG), that is recognised by the initiator RNA; it involves certain initiation factors.
- When the ribosome falls on a termination codon, a release factor binds to it, and translation is terminated and the polypeptide is released from the ribosome.
- Untranslated regions are present at the 5' end before the start codon and also at the 3' end after the termination codon.
- They are required for efficient translation.
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