Microbes in Human Welfare — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

After a brief medical examination a healthy couple came to know that both of them are unable to produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedure involved that you can suggest to them to help them bear a child.

A woman with blood group O married a man with AB group. Show the possible blood groups of the progeny. List the alleles involved in this inheritance.

Primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Explain.

A relevant portion of B-chain of haemoglobin of a normal human is given below:

The codon for the sixth amino acid is GAG. The sixth codon GAG mutates to GAA as a result of mutation 'A' and to GUG as a result of mutation 'B'. Haemoglobin structure did not change as a result of mutation 'A', whereas haemoglobin structure changed because of mutation 'B', leading to sickle-shaped RBCs. Explain giving reasons how could mutation 'B' change the haemoglobin structure or bring down mutation and not mutation 'A'.

Name the source of statin and state its action on the human body.

OR

Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statin lower blood cholesterol level?

List any three enzymes involved in the process along with their functions.

Explain why the term ‘homozygous’ and ‘heterozygous’ with respect to an X–linked trait are applicable to human females but not to human males?

Mention the adaptations the kangaroo rat in North American deserts has, to survive in the absence of an external source of water.

The density of a population in a habitat per unit area is measured in different units. Write the unit of measurement against the following:

1. Bacteria.
2. Grass.
3. Banyan.
4. Deer.
5. Fish.

Distinguish between the roles of flocs and anaerobic sludge digesters in sewage treatments.