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Heredity and Variation — Science STD 9 — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9ScienceHeredity and Variation5 Marks
Question
How do specific traits or characteristics appear in organisms?
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Answer

  • Information necessary for synthesis of a particular protein is stored in the DNA.
  • The segment of DNA which contains all the information for synthesis of a particular protein is called a gene for that protein.
  • To understand how a specific trait is expressed, let us consider plant height as an example.
  • We know that there are growth hormones in plants. Increase in the height of plants depends upon the quantity of growth hormones.
  • The quantity of growth hormone produced by a plant depends upon the efficiency of the concerned enzyme.
  • Efficient enzymes produce a greater quantity of the hormone due to which the height of the plant increases.
  • However, if the enzymes are less efficient, a smaller quantity of hormone is produced leading to the stunting of the plant.
  • Thus, the expression of traits is controlled by the genes.

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