Question
How does a metal react with an acid?
✓
Answer
Reaction of metals with acids: Metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid to form metal chloride or metal sulphate and hydrogen gas. The rate of evolution of $H 2$ is maximum in case of magnesium. The reactivity decreases in the order
$
Mg > Al > Zn > Fe
$
$
\begin{aligned}
& Mg _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow MgCl _{2( s )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& 2 Al _{( s )}+6 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow 2 AlCl _{3( aq )}+3 H _{2( g )} \\
& Zn _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow ZnCl _{2( aq )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Fe _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow FeCl _{2( aq )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Fe _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow FeSO _4+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Zn _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow ZnSO _4+ H _{2( g )}
\end{aligned}
$
$
Mg _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow MgSO _{4( aq )}+ H _{2( g )}
$
$
Mg > Al > Zn > Fe
$
$
\begin{aligned}
& Mg _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow MgCl _{2( s )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& 2 Al _{( s )}+6 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow 2 AlCl _{3( aq )}+3 H _{2( g )} \\
& Zn _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow ZnCl _{2( aq )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Fe _{( s )}+2 HCl _{( aq )} \rightarrow FeCl _{2( aq )}+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Fe _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow FeSO _4+ H _{2( g )} \\
& Zn _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow ZnSO _4+ H _{2( g )}
\end{aligned}
$
$
Mg _{( s )}+ H _2 SO _{4( aq )} \rightarrow MgSO _{4( aq )}+ H _{2( g )}
$
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