Question
How is chlorine manufactured by the electrolytic process?

Answer

  • On a large scale chlorine is obtained by an electrolytic process.
  • The electrolyte is brine, a concentrated solution of NaCl.
  • Nelson’s two compartments diaphragm cell is used for electrolysis in which stout graphite rod is used as an anode while U shaped steel vessel is used as a cathode.
  • Reactions :
    $\begin{aligned} & NaCl \rightarrow Na ^{+}+ Cl ^{-}
    \\ & H _2 O \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ OHAt \text { cathode : }
    \\ & 2 H _2 O +2 e ^{-} \rightarrow H _2+2 HH ^{-}
    \\ & Na ^{+}+ OH ^{-} \rightarrow NaOHAt \text { anode : }
    \\ & 2 Cl \rightarrow 2 Cl +2 e ^{-}
    \\ & 2 Cl \rightarrow Cl _{2( g )}\end{aligned}$

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