When People Revolt 1857 and After — Social Science STD 8 — Question

Name some early leaders of Indian National Congress.

Under what pretext did the Company take over Awadh?

What is a constituency?

Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?

What do you mean by universal access to water?

What conditions are required for wheat production?

“Literacy in itself is not education”
Mahatma Gandhi wrote:
By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Literacy is not the end of education nor even the beginning. It is only one of the means whereby man and woman can be educated. Literacy in itself is not education. I would therefore begin the child’s education by teaching it a useful handicraft and enabling it to produce from the moment it begins its training … I hold that the highest development of the mind and the soul is possible under such a system of education. Only every handicraft has to be taught not merely mechanically as is done today but scientifically, i.e. the child should know the why and the wherefore of every process.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 72, p. 79’
Questions:

1. How does Mahatma Gandhi view literacy?
2. Why does he give so much emphasis on learning a useful handicraft?

What do you mean by tyranny of majority?

Answer the following questions.
Write any two reasons for land degradation today.

Write a short note on biotic and abiotic resources.