How will you differentiate between soaps and synthetic detergent … - Vidyadip

Question

How will you differentiate between soaps and synthetic detergent using borewell water?

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Answer

Borewell water is hard water. Soaps and synthetic detergents react differently with hard water.
1. Soap: Soaps are insoluble in hard water. Borewell water (hard water) contains $Ca ^{2+}$ and $Mg ^{2+}$ ions. Soaps react with these ions to form insoluble magnesium and calcium salts of fatty acids. These salts precipitate out as gummy substance or form scum.
2. Synthetic detergents: Synthetic detergents can be used in hard water as well. They contain molecules (components) which form soluble calcium and magnesium salts.
Thus, soaps will form scum in borewell water but synthetic detergents will not.

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