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Analytical Chemistry Uses of Ammonium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide — Chemistry STD 10 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry Uses of Ammonium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide3 Marks
Question
How will you distinguish $NH_4OH$ solution from $NaOH$ solution ?
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Answer

$NH _4 OH$ and NaOH can be distinguished by using calcium salts.
For example on adding NaOH to $Ca \left( NO _3\right)_2, Ca ( OH )_2$ is obtained as white precipitate which is sparingly soluble in excess of NaOH .
$Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2 NaOH \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2+2 NaNO_3$
On addition of $NH _4 OH$ to calcium salts, no precipitation of $Ca ( OH )_2$ occurs even with the addition of excess of $NH _4 OH$. This is because the concentration of $OH ^{-}$ions from the ionization of $NH _4 OH$ is so low that it cannot precipitate the hydroxide of calcium.

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