Carbon and its Compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

What are the raw materials required for making soap in a laboratory (or at home)?

The atomic number of an element X is 12.

1. What must an atom of X do to attain the nearest inert gas electron configuration?
2. Which inert gas is nearest to X?

An element A has 4 valence electrons in its atom whereas element B has only one valence electron in its atom. The compound formed by A and B does not conduct electricity. What is the nature of chemical bond in the compound formed? Give its electron-dot structure.

Draw the structures for the following compounds:

1. Ethanal.
2. Propanal.
3. Butanal.
4. Pentanal.

Identify the acid and the base whose combination forms the common salt that you use in your food. Write its formula and chemical name of this slat. Name the source from where it is obtained.

What are hydrocarbons? Explain with examples.

Metals X and Y can be recovered from the anode mud left behind after the electrolytic refining of copper metal. The coins made of metal X look new even after several years of use but the coins made of metal Y lose their shine gradually and get blackened soon. When metal X is alloyed with a small amount of metal Y, it becomes hard and hence suitable for making ornaments. What are metals X and Y ? Also state the colour of metal X.

How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

What is meant by strong acids and weak acids? Classify the following into strong acids and weak acids:
HCl, CH₃ COOH, H₂SO₄, HNO₃, H₂CO, H₂SO₃

Write the names and formulae for the first three members of the homologous series of chloroalkanes.