Question
How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Answer

We can distinguish between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid on the basis of their reaction with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. Acid reacts with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate to evolve $CO _2$ gas that turns lime water milky.$\text{Metal Carbonate}/\text{Metal Hydrogencarbonate}+\text{Carboxylic acid}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \downarrow\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Salt}+\text{Water}+\text{Carbon dioxide}$
Alcohols, on the other hand, do not react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

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