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Breathing and Exchange of Gases — BIOLOGY STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceBIOLOGYBreathing and Exchange of Gases2 Marks
Question
Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues. How is it achieved?
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Answer

The regulation of rate of respiration is carried out by the centres present in the brain (neural system) and also by centres outside the brain:
  1. By centres in the brain:
  1. Respiratory rhythm centre in the medulla is primarily responsible for regulation.
  2. Pneumotaxic centre present in the pons moderates the functioning of the respiratory rhythm centre; signals from this centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and alter the rate of respiration.
  3. Chemosensitive area in the medulla can sense changes in the $CO _2$ and $H ^{+}$ concentration and send signals to rhythm.
  1. By centres outside the brain:
  1. Receptors in the aortic arch and recognise and send necessary signals for remedial action.
  2. Receptors in the carotid artery.

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