Question
i. What factors affect the solubility of solvent and solute?
ii. State the differences between compounds and mixtures
ii. State the differences between compounds and mixtures
✓
Answer
i. a. Temperature: For the majority of solutions of solid-in-liquid and liquid-in-liquid types, solubility increases with temperature. However, for solutions of gases-in-water type, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
b. Pressure: It is applicable to gas-in-liquid solutions. An increase in pressure increases the solubility of a gas. For example, aerated drinks contain carbon dioxide gas under pressure.
c. Mechanical Stirring: Mechanical stirring increases solubility. For example, sugar dissolves faster on stirring with a spoon.
d. Size of Solute Particles: Smaller the particle size of solute, greater is the solubility. For example, it is easier to dissolve powdered sugar than granules of sugar.
ii. Compounds
a. Compounds are pure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more elements combined chemically.
c. The constituents of a compound are present in a fixed ratio.
d. Compounds have fixed properties. For example, a particular compound will have fixed temperatures at which it melts and boils.
e. A compound can have properties different from its constituents, as a new substance is formed when the constituents are chemically combined.
f. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
Mixtures
a. Mixtures are impure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more substances mixed physically.
c. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying ratios.
d. Mixtures do not have fixed properties. Their properties depend on the nature of their components and the ratios in which they are combined.
e. In mixtures, no new substance is formed. The properties of a mixture are the same as the properties of its constituents.
f. The constituents of a mixture can be separated easily by physical methods.
b. Pressure: It is applicable to gas-in-liquid solutions. An increase in pressure increases the solubility of a gas. For example, aerated drinks contain carbon dioxide gas under pressure.
c. Mechanical Stirring: Mechanical stirring increases solubility. For example, sugar dissolves faster on stirring with a spoon.
d. Size of Solute Particles: Smaller the particle size of solute, greater is the solubility. For example, it is easier to dissolve powdered sugar than granules of sugar.
ii. Compounds
a. Compounds are pure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more elements combined chemically.
c. The constituents of a compound are present in a fixed ratio.
d. Compounds have fixed properties. For example, a particular compound will have fixed temperatures at which it melts and boils.
e. A compound can have properties different from its constituents, as a new substance is formed when the constituents are chemically combined.
f. The constituents of a compound can be separated only by chemical methods.
Mixtures
a. Mixtures are impure substances.
b. They are made up of two or more substances mixed physically.
c. The constituents of a mixture are present in varying ratios.
d. Mixtures do not have fixed properties. Their properties depend on the nature of their components and the ratios in which they are combined.
e. In mixtures, no new substance is formed. The properties of a mixture are the same as the properties of its constituents.
f. The constituents of a mixture can be separated easily by physical methods.
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