Read the following statements and choose the option with all incorrect statements.
(i) On an average 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute which constitute roughly 1/5 of the blood pumped out by both ventricle of heart per minute.
(ii) The epithelial cell of Bowman's capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits/slits pore.
(iii) Glomerular filtration is considered as process of ultra filtration as almost all the constituents of plasma pass onto lumen of Bowman's capsule.
(iv) The amount of filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called glomerular filtration rate. In a healthy individual it is approximately 125 ml/minute, i.e., 180 litres/day.
(v) Decrease in GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR back to normal.
(vi) The volume of filtrate formed per day is 180L and amount of urine released per day is 1.5 L, suggesting that nearly 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules by the process of reabsorption.
(vii) During urine formation, tubular cell secrete H+, K+ and ammonia into the filtrate,
(viii) Tubular secretion is the important step in urine formation as it helps in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of body fluids.
(ix) PCT is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium which increases the surface area for reabsorption.
(x) Nearly 70-80% of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed in DCT.
(xi) The descending loop of Henle is permeable to water and also permeable to electrolytes.
