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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology: Principles and Processes5 Marks
Question
If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following:
  1. Cutting this desired gene at specific location.
  2. Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene.
✓

Answer

  1.  
  • Identifying the restriction endonuclease that recognises the palindromic nucleotide sequence of the desired gene.
  • The restriction endonuclease inspects the DNA sequences - finds and recognises the site.
  • Cuts each of the double helix at the specific point - a little away from the centre of the palindromic site - between the same two bases on the opposite strand
  • Makes the over hanging stretch single stranded portion as a sticky end.
  1.  
  • By PCR/Polymerase Chain Reaction.
  • Desired gene is synthesised in vitro.
  • DNA is denatured.
  • Annealed using two sets of primers.
  • Thermostable Taq polymerase extends the primers using nucleotides (provided in the reaction and genomic DNAas template).
  • Amplified fragments are ligated.

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