Question
In each question below are two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the two given statements to be variance from commonly known facts and decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the two given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer :
(a) if only conclusion I follows
(b) if only conclusion II follows
(c) if either I or II follows
(d) if neither I nor II follows
(e) if both I and II follow
(i) Statements :
(i) Some fools are intelligent.
(ii) Some intelligent are great.
Conclusions :
I. Some fools are great.
II. All great are intelligent.
(ii) Statements :
(i) All stones are water.
(ii) Some waters are clean.
Conclusions :
I. Some stones are clean.
II. No stone in clean.
(iii) Statements :
(i) All keys are locks.
(ii) All locks are screws.
Conclusions :
I. All screws are keys.
II. Some locks are keys.
(iv) Statements :
(i) Some books are pen.
(ii) No pen is pencil.
Conclusions :
I. Some books are pencil.
II. No books is a pencil.

Answer

(i) Conclusion I is mediate inference and conclusion II is immediate inference. Since, middle term is not distributed conclusion I does not follow. Conclusion II is not true as per the rule of immediate inference. Hence, option (d) is correct i.e., neither I nor II follows.
(ii) Conclusion I and II are mediate inference since, middle term is not distributed no conclusion follows. But both the conclusions form a complimentary pair. Hence, either I or II follows i.e., option (c).
(iii) Conclusion II follows being the converted form of statement (i). Conclusion I is mediate inference and does not follow as the term screws is not distributed in the statement. Hence, only conclusion II follows i.e., option (b).
(iv) Both the conclusions are mediated inferences and do not follow because the term which is distributed in the conclusion is not distributed in the statement. Hence, option (d) is correct i.e., neither I nor II follows.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free