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PART - 1 CH - 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryPART - 1 CH - 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure2 Marks
Question
In ionic bond, how partial covalent character is developed? Explain.
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Answer

In a compound when cation attracts the electron layer of the anion towards itself, the amount of charge between them increases, due to which the electron charge density between two nuclei increases. This is called polarization of anion and it gives partial covalent character to ionic bond.As the polarizability of cation and degree of polarization of anion increases, the bond becomes more covalent. The necessary conditions are as :
(1) As size of cation decreases and size of anion increases covalent character in ionic bond increases.
(2) Increasing the amount of charge on cation and anion, it increases the covalent characteristic in ionic bond.
(3) Among cations of same size and charge the polarization of that cation is relatively higher, whose electronic configuration is almost simlar to $( n -1) d ^{ n }$ $n s^{\circ}$ of transition metals in comparison to $n s^2 n p^6$ of inert gases.

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