MCQ
............... is/are the characteristic/s of acquired immunity:
- ASpecificity of antigen.
- BDifference between self and non-self.
- CMemory retention.
- DAll of the above.
Explanation:
Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity develops following exposure to an antigen and is mediated by B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes or both, having a specific surface receptor for the same antigen.
Following are the characteristics of acquired immunity:
Diversity: They can respond to millions of different antigens.
Antibody specificity: Ability of the antibody to recognize the specific antigen (even antigen molecule differing by a single amino acid).
The response is directed only towards the initiated pathogen.
Immunologic memory: Once recognized and responded to an antigen, the system is able to respond more strongly to subsequent exposure even after many years.
Discrimination between self and non-self: It can differentiate self-cells (host cells) from foreign cells and molecules. Only foreign particles are attacked. Failure of this discrimination results in auto-immune diseases.
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| Column $-I$ | Column $-II$ |
| $(A)$ Tuberculosis | $(i)$ Harmless virus |
| $(B)$ Whooping cough | $(ii)$ Inactivated toxin |
| $(C)$ Diphtheria | $(iii)$ Killed bacteria |
| $(D)$ Polio | $(iv)$ Harmless bacteria |