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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts — History STD 12 Humanities — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 HumanitiesHistoryBhakti-Sufi Traditions Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts3 Marks
Question
“Islam and its principles permeated far and wide through the sub-continent”. Explain the statement.
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Answer

Islam:
  1. Islam did not remain confined to ruling elites, it spread amongst different social strata – peasants, artisans, warriors, merchants. etc.
  2. All those who adopted Islam accepted the five “pillars” of the faith:
  • There is one God, Allah, and Prophet.
  • Muhammad is his messenger (shahada).
  • Offering prayers five times a day (namaz/salat).
  • Giving alms(zakat).
  • fasting during the month of Ramzan.
  • Performing the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).
  1. It spread as sectarian affiliations such as Sunni and Shi‘a.
  2. The local customary practices were imbibed by converts.
  3. For example, the Khojahs, a branch of the Ismailis (a Shi‘a sect), developed new modes of communication.
  4. Devotional poems in Punjabi, Multani, Sindhi, Kachchi, Hindi and Gujarati were sung in special ragas during daily prayer meetings.
  5. Arab Muslim traders who settled along the Malabar Coast (Kerala) adopted the local language, Malayalam.
  6. Arab Muslim traders also adopted local customs such as matriliny, matrilocal residence.
  7. This is exemplified in the architecture of mosques.

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