Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equa… - Vidyadip

Question

Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity): The total mass of rain-bearing clouds over India during the Monsoon.

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Answer

During monsoons, a metrologist records about 215 cm of rainfall in India i.e., the height of water column, $\mathrm{h}=215 \mathrm{~cm}$ $=2.15 \mathrm{~m}$ Area of country, $\mathrm{A}=3.3 \times 10^{12} \mathrm{~m}^2$
Hence, volume of rain water, $\mathrm{V}=\mathrm{A} \times \mathrm{h}=7.09 \times 10^{12} \mathrm{~m}^3$ Density of water, $\mathrm{p}=1 \times 10^3 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$
Hence, mass of rain water $=\mathrm{p} \times \mathrm{V}=7.09 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~kg}$ Hence, the total mass of rain-bearing clouds over India is approximately $7.09 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~kg}$

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