List any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family?

Q: List any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family?

There are four different methods of contraception: 1. Barrier methods: In these methods, physical devices such as condoms, diaphragm and cervical caps are used. These devices prevent the entry of sperm in the female genital tract, thus acting as a barrier between them. 2. Surgical methods: There are surgeries that can be carried out in male and females. In males, a small portion of the sperm duct (vas deferens) is blocked by surgical operation. It prevents the egg to reach the uterus. In both the cases, fertilization will not take place. Ex: vasectomy and tubectomy. 3. Chemical method: This category of contraceptive acts by changing the hormonal balance of the body so that eggs are not released and fertilization can not occur. Females use two types of pills for preventing pregnancies, i.e., oral pills and vaginal pills. The oral pills contain hormones which stop the ovaries from releasing ovum into the fallopian tube. This is also called oral contraceptives (OC). 4. Intrauterine contraceptive device: This method involves the placement of a loop made of copper in the shape of T in the mouth of the uterus. this method prevents the implantation of the embryo in the uterus as the copper ions released creates an unsuitable environment. Ex: copper T Effect on health and prosperity of a family: 1. Contraceptive methods are used to prevent the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases like skphilis, AIDS, etc. 2. Contraceptive methods are also used to control human population by checking the unwanted pregnancies during sexual activities. 3. It helps in family planning by controlling the number of children in the family, there by reducing the chances of financial burden and poverty.