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Structure of Atom — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryStructure of Atom3 Marks
Question
  1. List two main differences between orbit and orbital.
  2. If an electron is moving with a velocity 600m/ s which is accurate upto 0.005%, then calculate the uncertainty in its position.
($h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}Js$ and mass of election = $9.11 \times 10^{-31}kg$)
✓

Answer

  1. Differences between orbit and orbitals:
S. No
Orbit
Orbital
1.
Orbit is a well defined2-D circular path around the nucleus in which the electrons revolve.
Orbital is a 3-D space around the nucleus within which the probability of finding the electrons is maximum
2.
Concept of orbit is not in Accor-dance with the wave nature of electrons.
It is in accordance with the wave nature of electrons.
3.
Orbits do not have directional characteristics.
All orbital’s except s-orbital have directional characteristics.
  1. Uncertainty in speed, $\Delta\text{V}=\frac{0.005}{100}\times600\text{m/ s}$
$=0.03\text{ms}^{-1}$

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle,

$\Delta\text{x} \times\text{m}\Delta\text{V}=\frac{\text{h}}{4\pi},\Delta\text{x}=$ Uncertainty in position,

$\Rightarrow\Delta\text{x}=\frac{6.626\times10^{-34}\text{Js}}{4\times\frac{22}{7}\times9.11\times10^{-31}\text{kg}\times0.03\text{ms}^{-1}}$

$=1.93\times10^{-3}\text{m}$

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