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Evolution — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEvolution3 Marks
Question

  1. Mention the specific geographical region where these organisms are found.
  2. Name and explain the phenomenon that has resulted in the evolution of such diverse species in the region.
  3. Explain giving reasons the existence of Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf sharing the same habitat.
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Answer

  1. Australian island continent.
  2. The phenomenon responsible for the evolution of such diverse species, is adaptive radiation.
  1. Adaptive radiation is the evolutionary phenomenon, in which a common ancestral stock evolves into a number of species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other geographical areas or habitats.
  2. Australian marsupials exhibit adaptive radiation, i.e., a number of marsupials, each different from the other evolved from a common ancestral stock within the Australian continent.
  1.  
  1. When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area, it can be called convergent evolution.
  2. Placental mammals of Australia have also exhibited adaptive radiation and evolved into a variety of placental mammals, each of which appears to be similar to a corresponding marsupial; hence, placental wolf, which appears similar to Tasmanian wolf, a marsupial, shared the same habitat.

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