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Biotechnology and its Applications — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology and its Applications2 Marks
Question
Name a naturally occurring source which can transfer useful pathogen genes into plant cells. Similarly, name another source which is used for transfer of disease causing genes into animal cells for the benefit of humans. How are biologists using these natural resources for the benefit of mankind?
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Answer

Agrobacterium tumifaciens is a soil bacterium which contains Ti-plasmid which transfers pathogenic genes into plant cells and transforms normal plant cells into tumors and these tumor cells produce chemicals necessary for the pathogen. On this basis, biologists are transferring the genes of their interest to many plants by using the plasmid cloning technique. Retroviruses transform normal animal cells into cancer cells for the benefit of humans. Biotechnologists are using these natural resources for the benefit of mankind by thoroughly understanding the art of gene transfer by pathogens to their eukaryotic hosts and using this method as a means of good cloning of pathogens. 

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