Microbes in Human Welfare — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Given below is a part of the template strand of a structural gene:

TAC CAT TAG GAT

1. Write its transcribed mRNA strand with its polarity.
2. Explain the mechanism involved in initiation of transcription of this strand.

1. How may codons code for amino acids and how many are unable to do so?
2. Why are codes said to be.

1. Degenerate.
2. Unambiguous.

OR

1. How many codons code for amino acids and how many do not?
2. Explain the following giving one example of each.

1. Unambiguous and specific codon.
2. Degeneration codon.
3. Universal codon.
4. Initiator codon.

A person has to perform crosses for the purpose of studying inheritance of a few traits/ characters. What should be the criteria for selecting the organisms?

i. Why is the collection of white-winged moths and dark-winged moths made in England between 1850-1920 considered a good example of natural selection?
ii. Evolution is based on chance events in nature and chance mutations in organisms. Justify the statement.

Explain human female reproductive system.

Define a climax community. How does a sere differ from a seral community?

How did Louis Pasteur successfully demolish the popular theory of spontaneous generation? What were his conclusions?

Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?

The below image shows is the headquarter of Eli Lilly company. Eli lily is one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using RDT technology by cell-based fermentation method.

i. How did Eli Lilly synthesize human insulin?
ii. Mention one difference between this insulin and the one produce by the human pancreas.

1. Explain the phenomena of multiple alleles and co-dominance taking ABOblood group as an example.
2. What is the phenotype of the following:

1. I^A i
2. i i